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Also the fort drew provisions from city merchants. This garrison lived a fairly isolated life here, though there was constant interaction with local civilians. By the late 1850s this fortress housed inside its walls about seventy soldiers, some of whose wives and children stayed near them. Ever since the American Revolution, when colonial militiamen constructed a barricade of logs on Sullivan’s Island to protect the city from British attackers, America had kept a fortification, eventually called Fort Moultrie, in that spot on Sullivan’s Island that lay on the northern side of the harbor.
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The city, hidden deep within its own harbor, sat on a narrow peninsula created by two rivers, Ashley and Cooper, which flowed down from the interior of the state. Other fortifications sat entirely empty.Ĭharleston, South Carolina was one of the nation’s most important ports. Fort Monroe, the largest, had only a couple of hundred soldiers manning its extensive walls. For example, several defensive structures protected Boston, and Fort Pickens at Pensacola was designed to defend much of the Gulf Coast.īut the nation’s army was far too small to man all these forts properly. Their tiny bastion, at the entrance of Chesapeake Bay, eventually transmogrified to become the major American fortress, Fort Monroe, which protected, among other things, Philadelphia, Baltimore, and the District of Columbia.īy 1860 the United States had scores of fortifications along the coastline stretching from Maine to Texas. Here they erected what they called Fort Algernourne. And the founders of the Jamestown settlement found a place near them that could be used to protect their flank. When Dutch settlers arrived at what is now the southern tip of Manhattan, they placed cannon in the area that became known as The Battery. But prudence has always fostered cautiousness. Although its coastlines, compared to other countries, are immense, the vastness of the Atlantic and Pacific obviously offers certain security. Countries with long coastlines are especially uneasy, and remain on the lookout for enemy armadas or even pirate fleets. All countries have weak geographic spots which enemies might exploit, mountain passes, perhaps, or shallow river crossings.